Uses of Doxycycline

Doxycycline is used for the treatment of various bacterial infections like that of chest, lung or nose (Ex. bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis), urinary tract (Ex. cystitis, urethritis), skin (Ex. acne), eyes or sexually transmitted diseases (Ex. gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia).

It is also used to treat fevers associated with louse or tick bites and malaria (when chloroquine is ineffective). It can also be used to prevent certain infections like scrub typhus (a disease carried by small insects), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, travellers’ diarrhoea, malaria and leptospirosis.

Therapeutic Category

Doxycycline:Tetracycline antibiotics

How Doxycycline works

Doxycycline works by inhibiting the growth and replication of bacteria. It does this by binding to the bacterial ribosome, preventing the synthesis of proteins that are essential for the bacteria's survival.

When to consult your doctor

Consult your doctor if you experience:

• Skin sensitivity to light (skin rash, itching, redness or severe sunburn when out in sunlight or after using a sun bed)
• Sudden wheeziness, trouble breathing, chest pain, fever, swelling of eyelids, face or lips, rash or itching (especially affecting the whole body)
• Serious bowel inflammation (upset stomach, loss of appetite, severe, persistent or bloody diarrhoea associated with stomach pain or fever)
• Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (fever, swollen lymph nodes, skin rash)
• Benign intracranial hypertension (headache, vomiting, visual disturbances including blurred or double vision, a localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision and possible vision loss, in some cases, even permanent)
• Serious disorder with widespread severe blistering of the skin, mouth, eyes and genitals
• Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (fever, chills, headache, muscle pain and skin rash that is usually self-limiting)
• Inflammation or ulcers of the gullet
• Blood disorders (tiredness, easy bruising, infections)
• Low blood pressure, increased heart rate
• Joint or muscle pain
• Stomach pain
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (blood in stool, stomach pain, watery stools, dehydration, fever)
• Steven-Johnson syndrome (skin with rashes, blisters, pain along with fever)
• Overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi
• Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (areas with redness and swelling on body along with fever)
• Toxic epidermal necrolysis (painful red area without blister formation which spreads quickly and causes skin to peel, fever, chills)
• Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
• Intra cranial hypertension (headache, blurred or double vision, loss of vision)
• Angioedema (swelling in face, lips, mouth, throat with difficulty in swallowing and breathing)
• Anaphylactic shock (increased heart rate, over sweating, fall in blood pressure, fainting)

Inactive ingredients: Doxycycline suitable for adults and children over 12 years The tablets are supplied in white, white, clear, round, film-coated, 28-count bottles. Each bottle contains 528 tablets, which are taken every 4 hours (as prescribed by a doctor).

Doxycycline for the Treatment of Malaria in Kenya

A Doxycycline treatment for malaria is available. Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat various types of malaria in Kenya. Doxycycline is a yellow coloured, white coloured, pink, red and blue coloured drug that belongs to the tetracycline family of antibiotics. Doxycycline is used to treat a variety of diseases caused by parasites, such as chlamydia and Lyme disease. Doxycycline is also used in the treatment of certain types of malaria in certain parts of the world, including the countries of Asia, South America, Africa, and Middle East.

Why Choose Doxycycline for Malaria?

Doxycycline is an effective drug for the treatment of malaria in Kenya and is also effective against chlamydia and Lyme disease. Doxycycline is available in a variety of forms such as tablets, capsules and oral solution. The dosage form of Doxycycline for Malaria is also available in different strengths and forms as well. For more information on this, please see the manufacturer's website.

What is Doxycycline used for in Kenya?

Doxycycline is used to treat a variety of infections in the body, including:

• Malaria
• Chlamydia
• Malaria Prophylaxis
• Malaria Vaccination
• Lyme Disease

Doxycycline Reviews

Doxycycline is a prescription medication that is commonly used for the treatment of infections caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis and more. It can be effective in treating a range of different infections and conditions caused by bacteria. In this guide, we will talk about the dosage, treatment time, and precautions for Doxycycline for malaria in Kenya.

Doxycycline is available as a tablet. It should be taken orally with a full glass of water. Take Doxycycline as your doctor tells you to. The dosage and type of Doxycycline you can take with each meal should be determined by your doctor. If you have any questions about the dosage or treatment, please talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

How to take Doxycycline for malaria?

Take Doxycycline as prescribed by your doctor. This is because taking Doxycycline for malaria may cause side effects. If you have any other questions or concerns about taking Doxycycline, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. The following information can help you better understand how Doxycycline will interact with other medications:

• Doxycycline may cause side effects. Talk to your doctor if you have questions about side effects.
• Doxycycline can interact with:
• Other medicines used to treat acne: Doxycycline can also affect the way other medicines work and increase the risk of side effects such as nausea and vomiting.

The expiry of the rights to Doxycycline, the generic version of the antibiotic doxycycline, has been subject to several legal challenges in the US, a US court in March said.

The US Supreme Court on Tuesday rejected a complaint by Bayer and the Pharmaceutical Alliance against the company in its case against the expiry of its patent in December 2015. The court said that it is "irretrievable" and that the expiry of the patent is a matter "for the benefit of the consumer".

The suit was based on claims that Bayer has "manufactured Doxycycline without approval", and that its patent is invalid for lack of "interference with a manufacturing process". The suit also claimed that the patent was invalid for the "proprietary monopoly rights" of Doxycycline.

The suit claimed that "the defendant was required to conduct trials to produce evidence that would allow the jury to decide if Doxycycline had a legitimate non-infringement principle".

The court said that the claim failed because the product did not infringe the patent or any other patent rights.

The company appealed the decision, arguing that the plaintiffs failed to show that they were not infringed by the drug. Bayer said it had no right to "manufacture or sell Doxycycline without approval" and that the claim was unenforceable because the patent was valid and enforceable.

The court also said that the case was "not a case of patent infringement as it was the plaintiff's allegation that the patent was invalid and unenforceable", and that "the defendant's conduct was not in bad faith".

The company said it was "reviewing the case" and was in the process of filing a motion for summary judgment.

The suit was dismissed on appeal.

The court had ruled that the complaint failed to state a claim under the Sherman Act, and that the patent in question was valid and enforceable.

The company said it had filed the motion with the FDA for approval and the complaint was "not a case of "interference with a manufacturing process" and therefore, "there is no good reason for a jury to decide the validity and enforceability of the patent".

In December 2014, Bayer and the Pfizer subsidiary, Bayer-Pfizer, had entered into a settlement agreement with the US FDA in which it agreed to provide a full-scale generic version of Doxycycline.

Photography: Dinesh Kapadia/Bloomberg

The US pharmaceutical company, Bayer AG, is one of the world's largest producers and distributors of prescription medicines. In 2012, it was the largest producer of doxycycline. Since then, it has distributed nearly 90 million pills a day, and in 2013 it has added over 3 million tonnes of doxycycline per day.

According to figures from the US drug industry, the number of prescription drugs sold by Bayer increased from 1.2 million a year earlier to 2.3 million in 2014, a 12% increase.

In its appeal, the Supreme Court said that the patent was valid and enforceable, and that the case "is not for the benefit of the consumer".

It also said that the complaint was "not an attempt to challenge the validity of the patent", and "it was an allegation of invalidity."

Bayer, which has been a major player in the global doxycycline business since its founding in 1962, said it was "unable to argue that the plaintiffs failed to establish an adequate factual basis for their claims of invalidity, or that the claimed use was unreasonable or unfair".

In a statement, Bayer said: "We have always been committed to making healthcare accessible to all, and our commitment to the development of a comprehensive and innovative approach to disease prevention and treatment has always been backed by the highest quality standards of medicine. We look forward to receiving an accurate and up-to-date assessment of the evidence and our future strategies as we continue to progress in our mission to provide healthcare to the millions of people that rely on medicines to manage their condition."

Doxycycline, which is sold under the brand name Cipro, is the generic version of the drug which Pfizer manufactures in the US and Europe.

Drug Interaction of Doxycycline Hyclate 250mg Capsule

Drug-Drug Interaction

Chloramphenicol

The use of this drug is contraindicated because the use of chloramphenicol will increase the effect of Sildenafil by affecting the patient hepatic and intestinal enzyme metabolism.

Tetracycline

The use of this drug is contraindicated because the combination of this drug either increases the effect of doxycycline by affecting certain cell death pathways or by causing an increase in effect of the drug on the patient’s gastrointestinal tract.

Co-amoxiclav

This drug is contraindicated with the combination of this drug and rifampin. The drug should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease or liver disease.

Ceftin

The use of this drug is contraindicated with the use of chloronitrate because the use of cefotin could increase the effect of cefotin by affecting the patient hepatic and intestinal enzyme metabolism.

Streptomycin or tigecycline

The use of this drug is not recommended with the use of chloronitrate because the combination of this drug either increases the effect of doxycycline by affecting certain cell death pathways or by causing an increase in effect of the drug on the patient’s gastrointestinal tract.

Co-trimoxazole

The use of this drug is not recommended with the use of rifampin because the drug can increase the effect of rifap unaffiliated.

Drug-Food Interaction

The use of this drug is not recommended with the use of protease inhibitors because the inhibition of the medication by a particular active ingredient can occur within the first 2-4 days of the intake of the drug because the effect of the drug on the patient’s gastrointestinal tract is only temporary.

Drug-Disease Interaction

Cardiovascular disease:

The use of fluoroquinolones or its derivatives, especially ciprofloxacin, in patients with hepatic dysfunction or with a previous history of hypersensitivity to any component of the product can lead to a wide range of cardiovascular side effects, including ventricular arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and stroke.

Renal dysfunction:

The use of antibiotics like cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, or aminoglycosides in patients with severe renal impairment or severe hepatic impairment can cause a wide range of renal side effects, including nephrotoxic effects, including sodium-potassium interactions, and magnesium-galactose interactions.

Retinitis pigmentosa

The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs,eg, ibuprofen, nefazodone)

The use of fluoroquinolones or its derivatives, especially ciprofloxacin, in patients with severe renal impairment or with a previous history of hypersensitivity to any component of the product can lead to a wide range of renal side effects, including nephrotoxic effects, including nephrotoxic effects, including alpha-blocking effect on the nephrotoxic effects of quinolone antibiotics.

The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as esomeprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, or lansoprazole, in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers or with positive food or fiber stained food for gastric and duodenal peristalsis can increase the frequency of adverse events.

Digoxin

The use of loop and potassium contrast media in the treatment of reflux disease or severe heart insufficiency also increases the frequency of adverse events.

Pancreatitis and proctitis

Celecoxib

The use of cyclosporine is contraindicated with the use of aminoglycosides or with the combination of aminoglycosides or with the use of polymyxin-type antibiotics.